01
Cyber Awareness
& Advisory
Understanding cyber risks is the first step toward staying safe online. Explore common cyber frauds, public safety advisories, and frequently asked questions to protect yourself from digital threats.
01
Cyber Fraud Awareness
Common Cyber Frauds People Face Today
Part-time job scams, investment fraud, digital arrest scams, and payment fraud — know the threats before they reach you.
More Details02
Public Safety Advisory
Essential Cyber Safety Advisories
Critical precautions for digital platforms, online banking, and social media — prevent yourself from becoming a victim.
More Details03
Cyber Legal FAQs
Frequently Asked Questions on Cyber Legal Issues
Clear answers on cyber fraud complaints, frozen accounts, evidence preservation, and approaching cybercrime authorities.
More Details04
Legal Process Guides
Step-by-Step Legal Resources
Detailed guides on complaint filing, FIR process, digital evidence preservation, frozen bank account remedies, and High Court writ petitions.
More DetailsCyber Fraud
Legal Guidance
Legal awareness on cyber fraud, frozen bank accounts, digital arrest scams, and remedies available under Indian cyber laws.
02
Legal Resources
Public Safety
Advisory
Important precautions every internet user should follow while using digital platforms, online banking, and social media to avoid becoming a victim of cyber crime.
01
Essential Cyber Safety Advisories
- Never share OTP, PIN, CVV or banking passwords with anyone.
- Use only official banking apps and verified websites.
- Verify SMS or email alerts before clicking any links.
- Enable transaction alerts for all bank account activity.
- Avoid accepting friend or follow requests from unknown persons.
- Do not share personal or financial information publicly.
- Enable two-factor authentication on all accounts.
- Beware of suspicious links, attachments, and forwarded messages.
- Never approve unknown UPI collect requests.
- Do not scan QR codes sent by strangers online.
- Always verify receiver details carefully before making payment.
- Report suspicious transactions to your bank immediately.
- Do not trust online jobs or tasks promising easy money.
- Avoid WhatsApp or Telegram-based investment groups.
- Verify company credentials independently before investing.
- Never transfer money to unknown apps or individuals.
- Report fraud immediately at cybercrime.gov.in.
- Call the National Cyber Crime Helpline: 1930.
- Preserve all screenshots and transaction records as evidence.
- Inform your bank immediately if any fraud occurs.
Important — If you become a victim of cyber fraud, report the incident immediately to the National Cyber Crime Portal at cybercrime.gov.in or your nearest cyber crime police station.
Cyber Legal
FAQs
Simple answers to common questions individuals face when dealing with cyber fraud, frozen accounts, and other cyber-related legal issues in India.
01
Frequently Asked Questions
Cyber crime refers to any criminal activity carried out using a computer, mobile device, or the internet. This includes online fraud, hacking, identity theft, harassment, and financial scams conducted through digital platforms.
You may be a victim of cyber crime if you notice any of the following:
- Unauthorised transactions in your bank or UPI account
- Your social media or email account has been hacked
- You received a fake job offer and transferred money
- You were contacted by someone posing as a police or government official
- Your personal data has been misused or shared without consent
Act immediately — the sooner you report, the higher the chance of recovery:
- Call the National Cyber Crime Helpline 1930 without delay
- Inform your bank and request a hold on suspicious transactions
- Take screenshots of all conversations, transactions, and messages
- File a complaint at cybercrime.gov.in
- Do not delete any messages or call records — these are evidence
A frozen bank account usually means your account was flagged during a cyber crime investigation:
- Contact your bank branch and ask for the reason and reference number
- Obtain the name of the investigating authority
- Gather all relevant transaction records and identity documents
- Submit a written explanation to the investigating officer
- If unresolved, approach a lawyer for legal remedy through the court
There are two ways to file a complaint:
- Online — visit cybercrime.gov.in and submit your complaint with evidence
- Offline — visit the nearest cyber crime police station with your documents
- Carry valid ID proof, transaction records, and screenshots
- Note your complaint acknowledgement number for follow-up
Recovery is possible but depends on how quickly you act. If the fraud is reported promptly, authorities can freeze the beneficiary account before the money is withdrawn. Consulting a cyber lawyer can help you pursue banking channels or court intervention.
A digital arrest scam is a fraud where criminals pose as police officers, CBI, Narcotics officers, or customs officials over a video call and demand money. No government agency in India conducts arrests or interrogations over video calls. Disconnect immediately and report to 1930.
Preserving evidence strengthens your complaint and legal action:
- Screenshots of all fraudulent messages, calls, or posts
- Bank transaction receipts and statements
- Email threads and chat records
- Phone numbers and usernames of the fraudster
- Any app or website used by the fraudster
Start with a police complaint at the cyber crime portal or police station. If police do not act within a reasonable time, or if your bank account remains frozen, you may approach the High Court. Courts can issue directions to banks, platforms, or investigating agencies.
Consult a cyber lawyer if:
- Your bank account is frozen and the bank is not responding
- Police have not registered your complaint or are inactive
- You have lost a large amount of money in online fraud
- You are falsely implicated in a cyber crime case
- You need to approach the High Court for urgent relief
Important — If you become a victim of cyber fraud, report the incident immediately by calling 1930 or visiting cybercrime.gov.in. Early reporting significantly improves the chance of recovery.
💸 Financial Cyber Fraud
UPI Fraud
UPI fraud involves criminals tricking victims into authorising payments or sharing UPI PINs through fake collect requests, QR code scams, or impersonation of buyers/sellers on platforms like OLX and Facebook Marketplace.
If this just happened: Call1930 immediately and contact your bank to block further transactions. Time is critical for fund recovery.
How This Fraud Works
Fake Collect Requests
Fraudster sends a UPI collect request disguised as a refund or prize — victim enters PIN thinking they will receive money.
QR Code Scam
Fraudster sends a QR code claiming it will transfer money to you. Scanning and entering PIN sends money out instead.
OLX / Marketplace Scam
Fake buyers overpay and ask for a refund via UPI. The initial payment is reversed after the victim sends the 'refund'.
Vishing / Impersonation
Caller impersonates bank or government, requests UPI PIN or OTP to 'verify' or 'unlock' your account.
Steps Victims Should Take
01
Urgent
Call 1930 Immediately
Call the national cyber crime helpline. Provide your UPI ID, transaction reference, and amount. Operators coordinate with NPCI and banks to trace and freeze fraudulent transactions within minutes.
02
Urgent
Block UPI and Report to Your Bank
Log in to your UPI app and block further transactions. Call your bank's 24/7 helpline and report the fraud. Ask them to raise a chargeback or dispute for the fraudulent transaction.
03
File Complaint on cybercrime.gov.in
Register and file a complaint. Select 'Financial Fraud' → 'UPI Fraud'. Attach screenshots of the transaction, UPI ID of the fraudster, and your bank statement.
04
Preserve All Evidence
Screenshot the UPI app showing transaction details, the fraudster's UPI ID/phone number, and all chats or calls. Do not delete anything.
05
Legal Step
File FIR at Cyber Crime Police Station
For amounts above ₹10,000 or if online complaint is not acted upon, visit your nearest cyber crime police station. Carry your complaint ID, bank statement, and UPI transaction screenshots.
06
Follow Up
Track and Follow Up
Use your complaint ID to track status on cybercrime.gov.in. Follow up with the IO every 14 days. If no action in 60 days, escalate to SP Cyber Crime.
Legal Remedies Available
01
File Here
Cyber Crime Complaint — cybercrime.gov.in
File under Financial Fraud → UPI Fraud category. Attach all evidence.
02
Bank Chargeback / Dispute
File a formal dispute with your bank under RBI chargeback rules. Banks must respond within 30 days. If unresolved, approach the RBI Banking Ombudsman at cms.rbi.org.in.
03
NPCI Complaint
File a complaint with NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India) via the NPCI dispute portal if your bank does not cooperate.
04
Consumer Forum
File a complaint before the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission if the payment platform or bank failed to act. Seek refund + compensation.
Applicable Laws & Sections
| Law / Section | Applies To | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| IT Act | Identity theft / fraudulent use of password or UPI PIN | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| IT Act | Cheating by personation using computer / phone | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| Payment & Settlement Systems Act | Unauthorised access to payment system | Up to 10 years + fine |
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
📈 Financial Fraud
Investment Scam
Investment scams promise guaranteed high returns through fake stock tips, Ponzi schemes, or fraudulent trading platforms. Victims are lured with initial 'profits', then trapped when they try to withdraw their money.
If this just happened: Call1930 immediately and contact your bank to block further transactions. Time is critical for fund recovery.
How This Fraud Works
Fake Trading Platforms
Fraudsters create professional-looking trading apps or websites showing fake profits. Withdrawals are blocked once victims invest larger sums.
WhatsApp / Telegram Groups
Added to groups with fake 'experts' and 'successful investors' who share guaranteed tips. Early small profits build trust before large deposits are made.
Ponzi Structure
Returns to early investors are paid from new investors' money, not from actual trading profits. The scheme collapses when recruitment stops.
Fake SEBI Registration
Fraudsters show forged SEBI registration certificates or claim to be authorized brokers. Verify all advisors at sebi.gov.in before investing.
Steps Victims Should Take
01
Stop Immediately
Stop All Further Investments
Do not invest more money to 'unlock' existing funds or pay 'withdrawal fees' — this is a common escalation tactic to extract more money from victims.
02
Urgent
Call 1930 and Report Bank Transfers
Report all bank transfers to fraudulent accounts. Provide account numbers and transaction IDs to 1930 for freeze coordination.
03
Preserve All Evidence
Screenshot the trading platform, all profits shown, chat history, payment receipts, and the fraudster's contact details. Do not delete anything.
04
File Complaint on cybercrime.gov.in
Select 'Financial Fraud' → 'Investment Fraud'. Also file a complaint with SEBI at scores.sebi.gov.in if the fraudster claimed SEBI authorisation.
05
Legal Step
File FIR for Cheating and Fraud
File FIR at cyber crime police station under BNS (cheating) and IT Act For large Ponzi schemes, Economic Offences Wing (EOW) may handle the investigation.
06
SEBI
Report to SEBI SCORES Portal
File complaint at scores.sebi.gov.in if fraudster posed as a SEBI-registered advisor. SEBI can investigate and delist fraudulent entities.
Legal Remedies Available
01
File Here
cybercrime.gov.in + SEBI SCORES
Dual complaint — cyber crime portal for police investigation, SEBI for regulatory action.
02
Economic Offences Wing (EOW)
For large-scale Ponzi or investment fraud involving multiple victims, approach the Economic Offences Wing of your state police for coordinated investigation.
03
Civil Recovery Suit
Once fraudster is identified, file a civil suit for recovery of defrauded amount with interest.
04
SFIO Referral
Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) can investigate if the investment fraud involved a company structure.
Applicable Laws & Sections
| Law / Section | Applies To | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| IT Act | Cheating by personation using fake trading platform | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| SEBI Act | Operating as unregistered investment advisor / broker | Up to 10 years + fine up to ₹25 crore |
| Prize Chits & Money Circulation Schemes (Banning) Act | Running Ponzi / multi-level marketing schemes | Up to 3 years + fine |
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
🚔 Impersonation Fraud
Digital Arrest Scam
Digital arrest scam is a psychological extortion scheme where criminals impersonate CBI, ED, Narcotics Bureau, or police officers via video call, falsely accuse you of serious crimes, and demand money to 'avoid arrest'. There is no such thing as a digital arrest in Indian law.
If this just happened: Call1930 immediately and contact your bank to block further transactions. Time is critical for fund recovery.
Important: There is NO such thing as a 'digital arrest' under Indian law. All such calls are fraudulent. You cannot be arrested via WhatsApp, Skype, or any video platform. Law enforcement never demands money to prevent arrest.
How This Fraud Works
Fake Video Call Interrogation
Fraudster calls on WhatsApp/Skype in police or CBI uniform, shows fake ID and FIR documents, and places victim under 'digital arrest' — demanding they stay on camera and not inform anyone.
Extortion Under Threat
Victim is threatened with immediate arrest, media exposure, or prosecution of family members unless a large sum is transferred to 'settle' the case or 'freeze bail'.
Fake Arrest Warrants
Criminals send WhatsApp PDFs of forged Supreme Court orders, Aadhaar misuse FIRs, or drug trafficking charge sheets to make the threat appear real.
Psychological Isolation
Victim is told not to speak to family, police, or lawyers — kept on video call for hours or days to prevent them from verifying or escaping the scam.
Steps Victims Should Take
01
Do This First
Hang Up Immediately — This is a Scam
No Indian law enforcement agency conducts arrests via video call, WhatsApp, or Skype. CBI, Police, ED, and TRAI never demand money over the phone. Hanging up is always the correct response.
02
Do Not Transfer Any Money
Once money is sent, recovery is extremely difficult. Do not send money, gift cards, cryptocurrency, or share your bank details regardless of threats made.
03
Inform Family and Your Local Police Station Immediately
Tell your family what happened. Visit your nearest police station immediately — local police can verify that no such case exists against you and provide protection.
04
Call 1930 and File on cybercrime.gov.in
Report the scam with the caller's number, screenshots of the fake documents sent, and the UPI/bank account to which money was demanded or sent.
05
Legal Step
File FIR Under IPC Extortion and IT Act
File an FIR at the cyber crime police station for extortion (BNS, impersonation of a public servant (BNS, and online fraud (IT Act
06
Recovery
If Money Was Sent — Immediate Bank Action
Call your bank immediately to dispute the transaction. Provide the fraudster's account number for freeze action through the cyber cell. The 1930 helpline coordinates this directly.
Legal Remedies Available
01
File Immediately
FIR at Local / Cyber Crime Police Station
Under BNS (extortion), (impersonation of public servant), and IT Act Police can trace the caller's number and bank account.
02
Bank Dispute + 1930 Helpline
Call 1930 and your bank to trace and freeze the fraudster's account. The faster you act, the better the chance of fund recovery.
03
Report to Agency Being Impersonated
If CBI, ED, or RBI was impersonated, report to that agency's official complaint portal. They maintain records and take suo motu action on such complaints.
Applicable Laws & Sections
| Law / Section | Applies To | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| IT Act | Cheating by personation using computer resource | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
💼 Employment Fraud
Part Time Job Scam
Part-time job scams offer easy work-from-home tasks like liking videos, reviewing products, or completing tasks on apps — then require victims to invest money to 'unlock higher tasks' or 'activate accounts', ultimately disappearing with the investment.
If this just happened: Call1930 immediately and contact your bank to block further transactions. Time is critical for fund recovery.
How This Fraud Works
Task-Based Scam
Victim is given simple tasks (like YouTube videos, Google reviews) and paid small amounts initially to build trust. Then asked to invest money to access 'premium tasks' with higher returns.
Advance Fee / Registration Fee
Victims asked to pay registration, training, or material fees upfront for a job that does not exist. Contact disappears after payment.
Money Mule Trap
Victim is hired to receive money in their bank account and transfer it elsewhere — unknowingly becoming a money mule for cybercrime proceeds, exposing themselves to legal risk.
Fake WFH Portals
Professional-looking job portals list fake WFH positions, collect resumes and registration fees, then close overnight.
Steps Victims Should Take
01
Important
Stop — Legitimate Jobs Never Ask You to Invest Money
Any job that requires you to invest your own money to earn returns is a scam. Genuine employers pay you — they never ask you to pay first.
02
Urgent
If You Were Used as a Money Mule — Act Immediately
If you received money in your account and transferred it elsewhere as instructed, contact your bank and police immediately. Being a money mule — even unknowingly — is a criminal offence.
03
Preserve All Evidence
Screenshot the job portal, WhatsApp or Telegram chats, payment receipts, task screenshots, and the recruiter's contact details. These are critical for the FIR.
04
File on cybercrime.gov.in
Select 'Other Cyber Crime' → 'Online Job Fraud'. Provide the job portal URL, recruiter contact, and all payment details.
05
Legal Step
File FIR at Cyber Crime Police Station
For amounts above ₹5,000 or if you were used as a money mule. Filing an FIR proactively protects you from being implicated as a co-conspirator.
06
Report
Report Fake Job Portals to MCA and IT Ministry
Report fake job websites to the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (mca.gov.in) and the IT Ministry's grievance portal to have them taken down.
Legal Remedies Available
01
File Here
cybercrime.gov.in + FIR
File complaint and FIR to protect yourself legally and initiate investigation.
02
Bank Reversal Request
If you transferred money as advance or registration fee, immediately dispute the transaction with your bank. Provide details of the fraudulent job offer.
03
Consumer Forum
If you paid a registration or processing fee to a fake recruitment company, file before District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.
Applicable Laws & Sections
| Law / Section | Applies To | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| IT Act | Cheating by personation — fake job offers via digital platforms | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| PMLA 2002 | If used as money mule — money laundering | Up to 7 years imprisonment |
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
📊 Investment Fraud
Telegram Trading Scam
Telegram trading scams operate through fake investment groups where fraudsters pose as SEBI-registered advisors, share manipulated stock or crypto tips, direct victims to fraudulent trading platforms, and disappear after collecting large deposits.
If this just happened: Call1930 immediately and contact your bank to block further transactions. Time is critical for fund recovery.
How This Fraud Works
Fake Expert Groups
Victims are added to Telegram channels with thousands of members (mostly bots) where a 'successful trader' shares free tips that appear accurate at first to build credibility.
Pump and Dump Manipulation
Fraudster accumulates a low-cap stock, then recommends it to the group. The buy rush drives up the price temporarily. The fraudster sells at peak while victims are left holding falling stocks.
Fake Trading App Referral
After trust is established, victims are directed to a fraudulent trading platform showing inflated profits. Withdrawals are blocked requiring more deposits to 'release funds'.
Fake Profit Screenshots
Manufactured WhatsApp / Telegram screenshots showing massive profits are shared in the group to manipulate victims into depositing more money.
Steps Victims Should Take
01
Stop Immediately
Stop All Investments and Exit the Group
Leave the Telegram group immediately. Do not invest more to 'unlock' profits. Any platform that blocks withdrawals unless you pay more is a confirmed scam.
02
Urgent
Call 1930 for Recent Bank Transfers
If you transferred money in the last 24–48 hours, call 1930 immediately. Provide account numbers and transfer references for potential freeze action.
03
Preserve All Evidence
Screenshot: the Telegram group, admin profiles, investment tips shared, fake platform balance screenshots, all payment receipts, and bank transfer details.
04
File on cybercrime.gov.in + SEBI SCORES
File on cybercrime.gov.in under 'Financial Fraud' → 'Investment Fraud'. If advisors claimed SEBI registration, file separately at scores.sebi.gov.in with their fake registration number.
05
Legal Step
File FIR — Consider EOW Referral
For losses above ₹1 lakh, file FIR at cyber crime police station. For organised group schemes with multiple victims, police may refer to Economic Offences Wing for coordinated action.
06
Verify
Verify Any Advisor at SEBI's Official Portal
All legitimate SEBI registered investment advisors are listed at sebi.gov.in → Registered Intermediaries. Any advisor not listed there is operating illegally.
Legal Remedies Available
01
File Here
cybercrime.gov.in + SEBI SCORES + FIR
Three-pronged approach for maximum recovery and regulatory action.
02
SEBI Action Against Fake Advisors
SEBI can delist, fine, and prosecute unregistered investment advisors. File at scores.sebi.gov.in. SEBI regularly issues public alerts about such scams.
03
Economic Offences Wing (EOW)
For large-scale organised scams with multiple victims, EOW can coordinate a collective investigation and asset attachment.
04
Civil Recovery Suit
Once fraudsters are identified, file a civil recovery suit for the defrauded amount plus interest and costs.
Applicable Laws & Sections
| Law / Section | Applies To | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| IT Act | Cheating by personation — fake trading advisor identity | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| SEBI Act | Acting as unregistered investment advisor | Up to 10 years + fine up to ₹25 crore |
| SEBI (Investment Advisers) Regulations 2013 | Providing investment advice without registration | SEBI enforcement action + penalties |
| PMLA 2002 | Money laundering via investment fraud proceeds | Up to 7 years + asset attachment |
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
📱 Financial / Harassment Fraud
Online Loan App Fraud
Illegal loan apps offer instant loans with no paperwork, then charge exorbitant interest, access all phone contacts and photos, and use threatening and abusive recovery tactics including morphed images when victims cannot repay.
If this just happened: Call1930 immediately and contact your bank to block further transactions. Time is critical for fund recovery.
How This Fraud Works
Instant Loan with No Verification
App offers ₹5,000–₹2 lakh instantly with no documents. On approval, large processing fees are deducted upfront and the loan tenure is as short as 7 days.
Exorbitant Interest and Penalties
Interest rates of 30–100% per week are charged. Penalties compound rapidly. A ₹10,000 loan can turn into ₹50,000 in weeks.
Contact List Harassment
App accesses phone contacts on install. When victim defaults, the app messages or calls all contacts with abusive or defamatory messages calling the victim a thief.
Morphed Images / Sextortion
Apps that access the gallery use victims' photos to create morphed images that are then threatened to be shared with contacts if repayment is not made immediately.
Steps Victims Should Take
01
Urgent
Stop Paying Immediately
Illegal loan apps have no legal standing to recover debt. Stop all payments. These apps cannot sue you — they can only threaten. All threats of 'case filing' or 'police complaint' are false.
02
Urgent
Revoke App Permissions and Uninstall
Go to phone Settings → Apps → the loan app → Permissions → Revoke all permissions (contacts, storage, camera). Then uninstall the app immediately.
03
Block Harassing Numbers
Block all numbers used for harassment. Save screenshots of abusive messages — these are evidence of criminal harassment and defamation.
04
Inform Contacts Being Harassed
Proactively tell family and friends that you are a victim of an illegal loan app scam and they may receive harassing messages. This reduces the psychological impact of the harassment.
05
Legal Step
File FIR Under IT Act and BNS
File FIR at cyber crime police station for extortion (BNS, criminal intimidation (BNS, defamation (BNS, and IT Act (obscene content) if morphed images were shared.
06
Report
Report to RBI and Google Play / Apple App Store
Report illegal loan apps to RBI at rbi.org.in (non-banking lending without RBI licence is illegal). Report the app to Google Play Store and Apple App Store for removal.
Legal Remedies Available
01
File Here
FIR + RBI Complaint + App Store Report
Three simultaneous actions to stop the harassment, investigate the operators, and remove the app.
02
RBI Complaint
Illegal loan apps operating without RBI NBFC registration are violating the RBI Act. File complaint at rbi.org.in → Complaints → Illegal Loan Apps.
03
Court Injunction
If harassment is severe, your advocate can apply for a court injunction restraining the app operators from contacting you or your contacts.
04
Defamation Suit
If morphed images or defamatory messages were shared with your contacts, a defamation suit (BNS is maintainable for damages.
Applicable Laws & Sections
| Law / Section | Applies To | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| IT Act | Publishing obscene / morphed images electronically | Up to 3 years + ₹5 lakh fine (first offence) |
| RBI Act | Operating NBFC without RBI registration | Up to 5 years + fine up to ₹10 lakh |
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
💳 Financial Cyber Fraud
Credit Card Fraud
Credit card fraud occurs when criminals steal your card details through phishing, card skimming, data breaches, or vishing calls to make unauthorised purchases or cash withdrawals.
If this just happened: Call1930 immediately and contact your bank to block further transactions. Time is critical for fund recovery.
How This Fraud Works
Phishing Emails / SMS
Fake bank emails or SMS with links to clone websites that capture card number, expiry, and CVV when entered.
Card Skimming
Devices installed on ATMs or POS terminals secretly copy card data. Combined with a hidden camera for PIN, fraudsters create cloned cards.
Vishing Calls
Callers impersonate bank fraud departments, claim your card is compromised, and trick you into sharing card details and OTP to 'secure' your account.
Data Breach
Your card details are stolen from merchant databases or e-commerce sites that suffered a data breach, then sold on the dark web and used for online purchases.
Steps Victims Should Take
01
Urgent
Block Your Card Immediately
Call your bank's 24/7 helpline or use net banking / mobile app to instantly block the compromised card. Request a replacement card. Dispute the unauthorised transaction immediately.
02
Urgent
Call 1930
Report the fraud to the national cyber helpline. Provide card details (last 4 digits), transaction amount, date, and merchant name. This triggers bank coordination.
03
Raise a Chargeback with Your Bank
File a formal chargeback request in writing to your bank. Under RBI rules, banks must investigate and resolve within 45 days. Get a written acknowledgment.
04
File Complaint on cybercrime.gov.in
Select 'Financial Fraud' → 'Credit/Debit Card Fraud'. Upload transaction statement, card block confirmation, and any phishing emails or SMS received.
05
Legal Step
File FIR at Cyber Crime Police Station
Visit your nearest cyber crime police station with: bank statement showing fraudulent charges, card block confirmation, and complaint ID from cybercrime.gov.in.
06
Escalate
RBI Banking Ombudsman if Bank Refuses
If your bank denies the chargeback without justification, file a complaint with the RBI Banking Ombudsman at cms.rbi.org.in. Resolution is typically within 30 days.
Legal Remedies Available
01
File Here
Bank Chargeback + cybercrime.gov.in Complaint
File both simultaneously — bank dispute for recovery, cyber crime complaint for investigation.
02
RBI Banking Ombudsman
If bank does not respond within 30 days or rejects the claim unreasonably, escalate to RBI Ombudsman at cms.rbi.org.in. Banks are bound by the outcome.
03
Consumer Court
File before the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission for deficiency of service by the bank or merchant for failing to prevent or reverse fraud.
04
Civil Suit for Recovery
If substantial amounts are involved and the fraudster is identified, a civil recovery suit may be filed through your advocate for compensation.
Applicable Laws & Sections
| Law / Section | Applies To | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| IT Act | Identity theft / misuse of card credentials | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| IT Act | Cheating by personation using electronic means | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| RBI Master Directions | Bank liability for unauthorised card transactions | Zero liability / limited liability rules apply within prescribed timelines |
| Payment & Settlement Systems Act | Fraudulent use of payment instruments | Up to 10 years + fine |
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
🪪 Identity Crime
Identity Theft
Identity theft occurs when criminals use your Aadhaar, PAN, passport, or personal information without consent to open bank accounts, take loans, obtain SIM cards, file fake tax returns, or commit fraud in your name.
If this just happened: Call1930 immediately and contact your bank to block further transactions. Time is critical for fund recovery.
How This Fraud Works
Loan / Credit Card Fraud
Fraudsters use stolen Aadhaar and PAN to apply for personal loans or credit cards, leaving victims with debt and damaged CIBIL scores.
SIM Card Fraud
Criminals use your Aadhaar to obtain new SIM cards through telecom retailers, which are then used for OTP bypass in banking fraud.
Bank Account Opening
Stolen documents used to open mule bank accounts that are then used for routing cybercrime proceeds — exposing the victim to police investigation.
Tax Fraud
Fraudsters file fake income tax returns, claim refunds, or register fraudulent businesses using your PAN and Aadhaar.
Steps Victims Should Take
01
Urgent
Lock Your Aadhaar Biometrics Immediately
Visit myaadhaar.uidai.gov.in → 'Lock/Unlock Biometrics'. This prevents anyone from using your Aadhaar fingerprint for authentication without your OTP unlock.
02
Urgent
Check CIBIL / Credit Report for Unauthorised Loans
Get a free CIBIL report at cibil.com. Look for loans, credit cards, or enquiries you did not make. Dispute unauthorised entries with the respective bank and CIBIL.
03
Report SIM Misuse at sancharsaathi.gov.in
Visit sancharsaathi.gov.in to check all mobile numbers registered in your name. Block any unknown SIMs immediately.
04
File Complaint on cybercrime.gov.in
Select 'Other Cyber Crime' → 'Identity Theft'. Provide details of misuse — loan references, bank account numbers opened fraudulently, SIM numbers, etc.
05
Legal Step
File FIR Immediately
Identity theft is a serious cognizable offence. File FIR at the cyber crime police station. Carry your Aadhaar, PAN, CIBIL report showing fraudulent accounts, and complaint printout.
06
Dispute
Dispute Fraudulent Accounts with Lenders and CIBIL
Write formal letters to each lender that shows a fraudulent account. Attach FIR copy. Lenders must investigate and remove fraudulent entries from your CIBIL if you were not the applicant.
Legal Remedies Available
01
File Immediately
FIR + Aadhaar Biometric Lock + CIBIL Dispute
Three parallel actions — FIR for investigation, Aadhaar lock to prevent further misuse, CIBIL dispute to protect credit score.
02
Bank Complaint + RBI Ombudsman
Report to each bank where accounts were opened fraudulently. If unresolved in 30 days, escalate to the RBI Banking Ombudsman.
03
UIDAI Complaint
File a complaint at UIDAI's helpline 1947 or uidai.gov.in for misuse of Aadhaar. UIDAI investigates and can flag misused UIDs.
04
Civil Suit for Damages
If identity theft caused financial or reputational damage, a civil suit for damages against the fraudster (once identified) is maintainable.
Applicable Laws & Sections
| Law / Section | Applies To | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| IT Act | Identity theft — misuse of electronic signature, password, or unique ID | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| IT Act | Fraud using stolen identity via computer resource | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| Aadhaar Act | Misuse or unauthorised use of Aadhaar identity | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹10,000 |
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
📶 Telecom / Financial Fraud
SIM Swap Fraud
SIM swap fraud occurs when criminals convince or bribe telecom operators to transfer your mobile number to a new SIM card they control — giving them access to all your OTPs and banking alerts to drain your accounts.
If this just happened: Call1930 immediately and contact your bank to block further transactions. Time is critical for fund recovery.
How This Fraud Works
Social Engineering the Telecom Operator
Fraudster visits a telecom retail outlet with forged documents (fake Aadhaar) and convinces the operator to issue a duplicate SIM for your number.
Insider Fraud
Corrupt telecom retailer or operator employee issues a SIM swap without proper verification in exchange for a bribe from the fraudster.
Prior Data Collection
Fraudster first collects your personal data (DOB, address, Aadhaar number) through phishing or data breaches to pass the operator's verification questions.
Your Phone Goes Silent
First sign: your phone loses network signal (shows 'No Service' or 'Emergency Calls Only'). The fraudster's SIM is now receiving all your calls and OTPs.
Steps Victims Should Take
01
Warning Sign
Your Phone Shows 'No Service'? Act Immediately
If your phone suddenly loses all network signal, call your telecom operator immediately from another phone to check if a SIM swap has occurred. This is the critical warning window.
02
Urgent
Block All Bank Accounts Immediately
Call all your banks from another number to block transactions and change net banking credentials. Do not wait. Fraudsters drain accounts within minutes of gaining OTP access.
03
Visit Telecom Operator and File a Complaint
Visit your telecom provider's service centre to block the fraudulent SIM and get your number restored to your original SIM. File a written fraud complaint with the telecom company.
04
File Complaint at sancharsaathi.gov.in
Report the fraudulent SIM swap at sancharsaathi.gov.in. TRAI and DoT can investigate the telecom retail point that processed the fraudulent swap.
05
Legal Step
File FIR — Telecom Insider May Be Involved
File FIR at cyber crime police station. Police can demand CCTV footage from the telecom outlet where the fraudulent SIM was issued and identify the insider/fraudster.
06
Recovery
Call 1930 and File Bank Dispute
Call 1930 to freeze fraudulent transfers. File bank dispute for all unauthorised transactions. Under RBI zero liability rules, you may be entitled to full recovery if reported within 3 days.
Legal Remedies Available
01
File Here
Telecom Complaint + 1930 + Bank Dispute
Three simultaneous actions to restore your SIM, freeze fraudulent transactions, and recover funds.
02
RBI Banking Ombudsman
If your bank refuses to reverse fraudulent transactions done during SIM swap (where you were not negligent), escalate to RBI Ombudsman at cms.rbi.org.in.
03
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)
File complaint with TRAI for failure of the telecom operator to follow proper SIM swap verification procedures.
04
Civil Suit Against Telecom Operator
If the telecom operator's negligence or insider fraud caused your loss, a civil suit for damages may be maintainable against the telecom company.
Applicable Laws & Sections
| Law / Section | Applies To | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| IT Act | Unauthorised access to banking systems via stolen OTP | Up to 3 years + ₹5 lakh fine |
| IT Act | Identity theft — using victim's phone identity to access accounts | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act | Fraudulent use / manipulation of mobile subscriber identity | Imprisonment + fine |
| Telecom Commercial Communications Customer Preference Regulations | Telecom operator liability for fraudulent SIM swap | Regulatory fine + civil liability |
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
₿ Financial Fraud
Crypto Investment Scam
Crypto investment scams use fake trading platforms, romance-based trust building, or celebrity endorsements to convince victims to invest in cryptocurrency — then disappear with the funds or block withdrawals with endless fee demands.
If this just happened: Call1930 immediately and contact your bank to block further transactions. Time is critical for fund recovery.
How This Fraud Works
Pig Butchering (Romance Scam)
Fraudster builds romantic or friendly relationship over weeks, then introduces the 'investment opportunity' on a fake crypto platform they control.
Fake Celebrity Endorsements
Social media ads using deepfake videos of famous investors or celebrities promoting fake crypto platforms or tokens.
Fake Platform Profits
Professional-looking crypto trading apps show fabricated profits. Withdrawals require payment of 'taxes', 'unlock fees', or 'verification charges'.
Fake Token / ICO Scam
Fraudsters launch fake Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) for non-existent cryptocurrencies, collect funds, and disappear (rug pull).
Steps Victims Should Take
01
Stop Immediately
Stop All Further Investments and Fees
Any demand for more money to 'unlock' or 'verify' your crypto profits is a scam. Stop immediately — no legitimate platform withholds profits pending fee payments.
02
Urgent
Call 1930 and Report Bank Transfers
Report all bank transfers made to invest. Crypto transactions themselves may be irreversible but bank transfers to fund crypto purchases can be traced.
03
Preserve All Evidence
Screenshot the fake platform, showing balances and blocked withdrawals. Save all chat history, payment receipts, the platform URL, and any social media profiles of the fraudster.
04
File Complaint on cybercrime.gov.in
Select 'Financial Fraud' → 'Cryptocurrency Fraud'. Attach platform screenshots, chat history, transaction receipts, and fraudster's contact details.
05
Legal Step
File FIR — Consider ED / I4C Involvement
File FIR at cyber crime police station. For large amounts, police may refer to I4C (Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre) or Enforcement Directorate for money laundering investigation.
06
Report
Report to FIU-IND and CERT-In
Financial Intelligence Unit India (fiu.gov.in) handles suspicious financial transactions. CERT-In handles the technical aspects of fake platforms. Both accept public reports.
Legal Remedies Available
01
File Here
cybercrime.gov.in + FIR
Crypto fraud is treated as financial fraud under IT Act. File both online complaint and FIR.
02
Enforcement Directorate (ED)
If funds were laundered through crypto, ED can investigate under Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) and attach the fraudster's assets.
03
Civil Suit
Once fraudster is identified (even partially), a civil recovery suit can be filed to recover defrauded funds.
Applicable Laws & Sections
| Law / Section | Applies To | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| IT Act | Cheating by personation using fake crypto platform | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| PMLA 2002 | Money laundering through cryptocurrency | Rigorous imprisonment up to 7 years + asset attachment |
| IT Act | Identity theft linked to crypto wallet fraud | Up to 3 years + ₹1 lakh fine |
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
📞 Impersonation Fraud
Fake Customer Care Fraud
Fake customer care fraud involves criminals setting up fake helpline numbers on Google, social media, or apps for banks, airlines, telecom companies, and delivery services — then tricking callers into sharing OTPs, installing remote access apps, or making payments.
If this just happened: Call1930 immediately and contact your bank to block further transactions. Time is critical for fund recovery.
How This Fraud Works
Fake Google Listings
Fraudsters pay for or manipulate Google search results so their fake numbers appear at the top for 'HDFC Bank customer care', 'Amazon helpline', etc.
WhatsApp Impersonation
Fake customer care agents respond on WhatsApp posing as brand support, ask for order ID and OTP to 'verify identity', then use OTP to access accounts.
Remote Access Takeover
Agent asks victim to install AnyDesk or QuickSupport to 'fix the issue remotely' — then takes over the device and transfers funds from banking apps.
Advance Fee for Refund
Victim told to pay a small 'processing fee' or 'GST' to receive their refund or replacement — the fee is stolen and no refund is made.
Steps Victims Should Take
01
Prevention
Always Find Numbers from Official Websites Only
Never search for customer care numbers on Google. Go directly to the company's official website by typing the URL. Save verified numbers in your contacts.
02
Urgent
If You Shared OTP — Act Immediately
Call your bank immediately to block the account or card. Change all passwords. Call 1930. Report to the platform's official support channel.
03
Report the Fake Number to Google
Search for the fake listing → click 'Suggest an edit' → mark as 'Closed' or 'Doesn't exist'. This removes fraudulent listings and protects others.
04
File on cybercrime.gov.in
Report under 'Other Cyber Crime' → 'Impersonation / Fake Customer Care'. Provide the fake number, screenshots of conversation, and amount lost.
05
Legal Step
File FIR at Cyber Crime Police Station
Police can trace the phone number, bank account used to receive money, and coordinate with Google to remove fake listings under IT Act notice.
06
Report to Company
Report to the Impersonated Brand Officially
Most companies have fraud reporting emails. Reporting helps the brand issue public warnings and take down fake listings or social media accounts impersonating them.
Legal Remedies Available
01
File Here
cybercrime.gov.in + Bank Dispute
File cyber crime complaint and simultaneously dispute any fraudulent transactions with your bank.
02
Report Fake Listings to Google / Social Media
File a Google Business Profile fraud report at support.google.com to remove fake numbers from search results.
03
Consumer Forum
If a bank or licensed company failed to protect you from an impersonation of their brand, a Consumer Forum complaint may be maintainable for deficiency of service.
Applicable Laws & Sections
| Law / Section | Applies To | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| IT Act | Cheating by personation using computer / phone | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| IT Act | Fraudulent access to computer / banking system | Up to 3 years + ₹5 lakh fine |
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
🛒 Online Shopping Fraud
E-commerce Refund Scam
E-commerce refund scams trick victims into granting remote desktop access or sharing OTPs during a fake 'refund process', resulting in money being stolen from bank accounts instead of a refund being credited.
If this just happened: Call1930 immediately and contact your bank to block further transactions. Time is critical for fund recovery.
How This Fraud Works
Remote Access Scam
Fraudster posing as customer care asks victim to install AnyDesk or TeamViewer to 'process the refund', then uses remote access to log into net banking and transfer funds.
OTP Theft During Refund
Victim is asked to share OTP received on their phone to 'confirm the refund account'. The OTP is actually authorising a debit transaction initiated by the fraudster.
Fake Seller / Non-Delivery
Fraudulent sellers on marketplace platforms collect payment and never deliver goods, then disappear or block the buyer after receiving money.
Overpayment Refund Trick
Fraudster sends excess money via UPI, asks victim to refund the difference — then reverses the original payment, leaving the victim at a loss for the 'refund' sent.
Steps Victims Should Take
01
Urgent
Never Install Remote Access Apps
Legitimate customer care never asks you to install AnyDesk, TeamViewer, QuickSupport, or any screen-sharing app to process a refund. If asked, end the call immediately.
02
Urgent
If Remote Access Was Granted — Revoke Immediately
Close the app, change all banking passwords and UPI PIN immediately, block your cards, and call your bank to alert them of potential fraudulent access.
03
Report to the Platform
File a complaint on the e-commerce platform's resolution centre (Amazon, Flipkart, Meesho, etc.). Screenshot the seller profile, order ID, and all communications.
04
File on cybercrime.gov.in
Select 'Financial Fraud' → 'Online Shopping / E-commerce Fraud'. Provide the order ID, seller details, payment transaction reference, and all screenshots.
05
Legal Step
File FIR at Cyber Crime Police Station
For amounts above ₹10,000. Carry: order screenshots, payment proof, platform complaint reference, and ID proof. Platform is legally obligated to cooperate with police investigation.
06
Consumer Rights
File with Consumer Forum
For e-commerce non-delivery or deficiency of service, file a complaint before the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission or via the National Consumer Helpline (1800-11-4000).
Legal Remedies Available
01
File Here
Platform Grievance + cybercrime.gov.in
File on the platform's grievance portal first, then on cybercrime.gov.in for police investigation.
02
Consumer Forum — DCDRC
Under Consumer Protection Act 2019, file for refund, replacement, and compensation for deficiency of service by the platform or seller.
03
Bank Chargeback
If payment was by credit/debit card or net banking, file a chargeback with your bank. For UPI, dispute via NPCI.
04
National Consumer Helpline
Call 1800-11-4000 or visit consumerhelpline.gov.in for assistance with e-commerce complaints and escalation.
Applicable Laws & Sections
| Law / Section | Applies To | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| IT Act | Cheating by personation — fake customer care | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| Consumer Protection Act 2019 | Unfair trade practice / deficiency in service | Compensation + refund via Consumer Commission |
| IT Act | Fraudulent remote access to banking systems | Up to 3 years + ₹5 lakh fine |
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
🎮 Gaming / Financial Fraud
Online Gaming Fraud
Online gaming fraud targets players through fake in-game item trading, prize money scams, fraudulent gaming platforms, and account phishing — resulting in financial loss or permanent loss of gaming accounts.
If this just happened: Call1930 immediately and contact your bank to block further transactions. Time is critical for fund recovery.
How This Fraud Works
Fake Prize / Tournament Scam
Victim receives message claiming they won an online gaming tournament. A 'processing fee' or 'tax' is demanded to release the prize money that never existed.
Account Phishing
Fake login pages for popular games (BGMI, Free Fire, COD) steal account credentials. Expensive accounts are then sold on black market platforms.
Fake In-Game Item Trading
Victims trade expensive in-game items (skins, guns) for promised money that is never paid, or receive fake items via fraudulent trading platforms.
Illegal Gambling Platforms
Fake rummy, poker, or fantasy sports platforms manipulate outcomes against players, or collect deposits and close without paying winnings.
Steps Victims Should Take
01
Urgent
Change All Gaming Account Passwords Immediately
If your account credentials may have been compromised, change passwords on the gaming platform and your linked email immediately. Enable two-factor authentication.
02
Urgent
Call 1930 for Financial Losses
If money was transferred for fake prizes or in-game trades, call 1930 immediately. Provide bank/UPI transaction details for freeze coordination.
03
Report to the Gaming Platform
Report account theft or fraud to the official game developer/publisher support. Major platforms (Steam, Krafton, Garena) have fraud reporting systems and can recover hacked accounts.
04
File on cybercrime.gov.in
Select 'Other Cyber Crime' → 'Online Gaming Fraud'. Upload screenshots of the fake tournament message, payment receipts, and fraudster's contact details.
05
Legal Step
File FIR for Large Financial Losses
Visit cyber crime police station. For hacked accounts of high value (competitive rankings, expensive items), police can issue legal notices to platforms for account data.
06
Protect Others
Report Fraudulent Discord / Telegram Groups
Report fake gaming groups to Discord and Telegram using their in-app reporting tools. Platform takedown prevents others from being victimised.
Legal Remedies Available
01
File Here
Gaming Platform Support + cybercrime.gov.in
Platform account recovery + cyber crime complaint for financial fraud.
02
Bank Chargeback for Fake Prizes
If payment was made for a fake prize via card or net banking, file a chargeback with your bank immediately.
03
Consumer Forum
For fraud by licensed gaming or fantasy sports platforms, file before District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.
Applicable Laws & Sections
| Law / Section | Applies To | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| IT Act | Hacking gaming accounts / unauthorised access | Up to 3 years + ₹5 lakh fine |
| IT Act | Cheating by personation — fake prize claims | Up to 3 years + fine up to ₹1 lakh |
| Public Gambling Act 1867 (as applicable) | Illegal online gambling platforms | Up to 3 months + fine |
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
Legal Resources
Detailed process guides on cyber crime complaint filing, FIR registration, digital evidence preservation, frozen bank account remedies, and High Court writ petitions under Indian cyber law.
01
Reactive Process Guides
Important — These guides are for general legal awareness only. For advice specific to your case, consult a qualified cyber law advocate. National Cyber Crime Helpline: 1930 · Portal: cybercrime.gov.in
🛡️ Complete Guide
Cyber Crime Complaint Process
A complete guide to reporting cyber crime in India — what to do immediately, how to file a complaint, what evidence to collect, and which portals and helplines to use.
Financial fraud? Act immediately: Call 1930 and contact your bank right away. Every minute counts for fund recovery.
What is Cyber Crime
Financial Fraud
UPI fraud, credit card fraud, banking OTP theft, investment scams, crypto fraud, and loan app harassment.
Identity Crime
Aadhaar / PAN misuse, fake profiles, impersonation, SIM swap fraud, and account takeover.
Phishing & Hacking
Fake emails, clone websites, social media hacking, remote access fraud, and data theft.
Extortion & Scams
Digital arrest scam, sextortion, fake customer care, job scams, and e-commerce fraud.
Why You Should Report
Recover Funds
Quick reporting enables bank coordination to freeze fraudulent accounts and improves chances of recovery.
Protect Yourself
Filing creates an official record that protects you legally and prevents further victimisation.
Seek Justice
Your complaint initiates police investigation, which can lead to arrest and prosecution of the criminal.
Help the Community
Reports help law enforcement identify patterns and issue public warnings to prevent others from being victimised.
Step-by-Step Filing Process
01
Financial Fraud — Do First
Call 1930 Immediately
For any financial cyber fraud, call the National Cyber Crime Helpline 1930 immediately. Provide your bank name, account number, transaction ID, and amount. Operators coordinate directly with banks to freeze fraudulent transactions — this is the best chance of fund recovery.
02
Urgent
Secure Your Accounts
Change passwords for all affected accounts. Contact your bank to block or freeze transactions. Do not delete any messages, emails, or screenshots — these are evidence.
03
Visit cybercrime.gov.in
Go to the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal. Click "Report Cyber Crime" and select the appropriate category. This portal is available 24/7.
04
Register and Login
Create an account using your mobile number. An OTP will verify your identity. For women and child-related crimes, anonymous reporting is available without registration.
05
Fill the Complaint Form
Select the crime type and fill in all details accurately: incident date and time, full description, suspect information (phone number, email, UPI ID, social handle), financial details, and your personal information.
06
Upload Supporting Evidence
Upload screenshots, transaction receipts, email headers, chat transcripts, and any other digital evidence. Accepted formats: JPG, PNG, PDF, MP4. Label files clearly before uploading.
07
Submit and Note Your Complaint ID
Review everything carefully before submitting. You will receive a unique Complaint ID. Save this — it is your reference for all future tracking and follow-ups.
08
Recommended for Serious Crimes
Visit Cyber Crime Police Station
For identity theft, major financial fraud, blackmail, or hacking — visit your nearest cyber crime police station with a printed copy of your online complaint. Request an FIR to be registered. You have the legal right to a free copy of the FIR.
09
Ongoing
Track Your Complaint Status
Login to cybercrime.gov.in and use your Complaint ID to check status. If no action is taken within 60 days, escalate to the Superintendent of Police or the State Cyber Cell.
10
If Unresolved
Escalate if Needed
If your complaint is not addressed: approach the State Cyber Crime Unit, file a complaint with the SP or DGP, contact the Ministry of Home Affairs Cyber Division, or consider filing a petition in the High Court for police inaction.
Types of Cyber Crime & Where to Report
| Category | Crime Type | Report Via |
|---|---|---|
| Financial | Online Banking / UPI Fraud | 1930 / cybercrime.gov.in |
| Financial | Credit / Debit Card Fraud | 1930 / cybercrime.gov.in |
| Financial | Crypto / Investment Scam | 1930 / cybercrime.gov.in |
| Social Media | Cyberbullying / Harassment | cybercrime.gov.in |
| Social Media | Fake Profile / Impersonation | cybercrime.gov.in |
| Identity | Identity Theft / Aadhaar Misuse | cybercrime.gov.in / Local Cyber Cell |
| Hacking | Unauthorised Account Access | cybercrime.gov.in / CERT-In |
| Extortion | Digital Arrest / Sextortion | 1930 / cybercrime.gov.in |
| Telecom | SIM Swap Fraud | 1930 / sancharsaathi.gov.in |
Evidence Collection Checklist
Do NOT delete messages, emails, or posts — even if disturbing. They are critical evidence. Do not factory reset your device before filing a complaint.
- Screenshots of all fraudulent communications, transactions, or profiles (include URL bar and timestamp)
- Full email headers for phishing or threatening emails — not just screenshots
- Exported chat history from WhatsApp, Telegram, or SMS — with media files
- Bank statement showing fraudulent transactions with reference numbers highlighted
- Transaction reference numbers, UPI IDs, and beneficiary account details
- Name, phone number, email ID, or username of the suspect
- URLs of fake websites or profiles — archived at web.archive.org if possible
- Call logs with dates, times, and duration of suspicious calls
Key Portals & Helplines
National Helpline
1930
For financial cyber fraud. Call immediately. Available 24/7. Coordinates with banks to halt fraudulent transactions.
Online Portal
cybercrime.gov.in
National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal. File and track all types of cyber crime complaints online.
CERT-In
incident@cert-in.org.in
For technical incidents — hacking, ransomware, website defacement, critical infrastructure attacks.
RBI Ombudsman
cms.rbi.org.in
For banking or payment fraud where the bank has not cooperated or resolved your complaint within 30 days.
Telecom Complaints
sancharsaathi.gov.in
Report spam calls, fake SIM fraud, and mobile number misuse. Block lost or stolen phones via CEIR.
Free Legal Help
DLSA
District Legal Services Authority — free legal aid for eligible complainants.
⚖️ Reactive Process Guide
Frozen Bank Account
Legal Remedy
Your bank account has been frozen by a cybercrime police order. Follow these steps in order — from immediate action to High Court relief.
Why accounts get frozen: Under BNSS, police can freeze accounts linked to cybercrime complaints without prior notice. You are not assumed guilty. You have the right to challenge it.
Immediate Actions
01
Do First
Get the Freeze Order in Writing from Your Bank
Visit your bank branch. Request a copy of the police freeze order, the date received, and the exact police station name and authority that issued it.
02
Contact the Issuing Police Station
Visit the cyber crime police station named on the order. Ask for the case number, IO name, and what evidence links your account to the crime.
03
Submit Written Representation to the SHO
Write a formal letter to the Station House Officer stating your identity, legitimate source of funds, that you are not the accused, and requesting immediate de-freezing. Attach bank statements and income proof.
04
Escalate to SP / DCP Cyber Crime (if no response in 7 days)
Send written escalation to the Superintendent of Police or DCP Cyber Crime Division. Attach copies of all prior correspondence and request urgent review.
Legal Remedies
05
Court Filing
Application Before Jurisdictional Magistrate — BNSS
File an application before the Magistrate court for release of frozen funds. Attach all documents proving legitimate source of funds and your non-involvement in the crime.
06
High Court
File Writ Petition in High Court — Article 226
If Magistrate doesn't act, file a Writ of Mandamus in the High Court challenging the freeze as arbitrary. Grounds: no nexus to crime, no prior notice, right to livelihood (Article 21) violated.
07
Seek Interim Relief / Stay Order
Along with the writ, file for urgent interim relief to partially or fully unfreeze the account pending final hearing. Courts often grant this quickly when livelihood is affected.
08
Claim Compensation if Wrongfully Frozen
If the freeze had no legal basis, claim compensation for financial loss through the writ petition or a separate civil suit against the bank or police.
Key Contacts
File With
Magistrate Court (BNSS)
Application for release of frozen funds
Escalate To
High Court — Writ (Art. 226)
Writ of Mandamus for de-freezing
Bank Escalation
RBI Ombudsman
cms.rbi.org.in — if bank is unresponsive
Free Legal Help
DLSA
District Legal Services Authority
🗂️ Reactive Process Guide
Digital Evidence
Preservation
After a cyber crime incident, securing evidence is your first job. This process is time-sensitive and legally critical for your case.
Time Critical: Digital evidence can be deleted or altered within hours. Act within the first 24 hours of discovering the incident. Do not delete anything, even if the content is disturbing.
Step-by-Step Preservation Process
01
Urgent
Do Not Delete Anything
Do not delete messages, emails, call logs, or apps — even if disturbing. Evidence tampering, even by the victim, can harm your own case in court.
02
Urgent
Take Full-Screen Screenshots
Capture the entire screen including the URL bar, date/time, and sender info. Use your device's native screenshot tool. For web pages, use "Print to PDF" for a full-page capture.
03
Urgent
Archive Fraud Websites and Profiles
Go to web.archive.org → "Save Page Now" to archive fake websites or social profiles before criminals delete them. Also copy and note the exact URLs.
04
Export Chat History
WhatsApp: Settings → Chats → Export Chat (with media). Telegram: export via desktop app. Keep original messages on the device — do not rely only on the exported copy.
05
Save Full Email Headers
Gmail: Open email → ⋮ → "Show original" → copy all header text. Headers reveal the true sender IP, mail server path, and timestamps — crucial for tracing the criminal.
06
Download Bank and Transaction Records
Download your bank statement as PDF from net banking. Note transaction reference IDs, UPI IDs, beneficiary names, and exact timestamps of all fraudulent transactions.
07
Record All Suspect Identifiers
Note all phone numbers, email IDs, social handles, UPI IDs, account numbers, and URLs linked to the suspect. Run a WHOIS lookup on suspicious domains and save the result.
08
Backup Everything to Two Locations
Copy all evidence to a USB drive AND a cloud folder (Google Drive / iCloud). Create a folder named "CyberCrime_Evidence_[Date]" and organise files clearly with descriptive names.
09
Legal
Write a Contemporaneous Incident Log
Create a dated, signed document narrating exactly what happened, when, and in what sequence. Courts treat self-written contemporaneous records as supporting evidence.
10
Submit
Hand Copies to Police — Keep Originals
When submitting to police, give copies — not originals. Keep originals stored safely. Obtain a signed and dated acknowledgment receipt from police for every document submitted.
Key Evidence Types
Screenshots
Full page with URL + timestamp. Native tools only.
Email Headers
Show original → copy full raw header text.
Chat Exports
WhatsApp, Telegram, SMS — with media files.
Bank Statements
PDF with transaction IDs highlighted.
Call Logs
Screenshot + telecom CDR request letter.
Archived URLs
web.archive.org snapshot + WHOIS lookup saved.
Do's & Don'ts
✓ Do
- Preserve the original device intact
- Keep metadata — don't edit or crop files
- Get police acknowledgment receipts
- Backup to 2+ locations
- Write incident log with exact times
✗ Don't
- Delete any message or file
- Edit, crop, or annotate screenshots
- Give originals to police without copies
- Factory reset your device
- Post about the case on social media
📋 Reactive Process Guide
Cyber Crime
FIR Process
A First Information Report (FIR) is a formal police document that triggers mandatory investigation. For serious cyber crimes, an FIR is your right — here's how to file one.
Online complaint ≠ FIR. Filing on cybercrime.gov.in is a complaint. An FIR is a formal police document under BNSS that mandates investigation. For serious crimes, you must explicitly demand an FIR.
Step-by-Step FIR Filing Process
1
Do First
File on cybercrime.gov.in First
File your online complaint at cybercrime.gov.in before visiting the police station. Note the Complaint ID. This creates a digital record that is often forwarded to the local cyber cell automatically.
2
Visit Nearest Cyber Crime Police Station
Locate the cyber crime police station in your district. Carry: valid ID proof, printed online complaint, all evidence (printed screenshots + USB), and a typed complaint letter addressed to the SHO.
3
Know Your Rights
Police Must Record a Cognizable Offence
Under BNSS, police must record your complaint if it discloses a cognizable offence. They cannot refuse. If they refuse, send written complaint to the SP or directly to the Magistrate.
4
Submit Written Complaint to SHO
Submit your typed complaint in writing. Include: incident description, date/time, suspect details, financial loss amount, and evidence list. Get a copy with a received-and-dated rubber stamp from the station.
5
Your Right
Demand a Free Copy of the FIR
Once an FIR is registered, police must give you a free copy under BNSS. The FIR has a unique FIR number, police station name, date, and applicable sections. Save this document carefully.
6
If Refused
Police Refuses to Register FIR — Escalate
→ Send written complaint by speed post to SP / DCP
→ File application before Magistrate under BNSS — Magistrate can order police to investigate
→ File complaint with State Police Complaints Authority
→ File application before Magistrate under BNSS — Magistrate can order police to investigate
→ File complaint with State Police Complaints Authority
7
Track Your FIR Status
Many states have online FIR tracking portals (Karnataka: kspcb.ksp.gov.in). Follow up with the Investigating Officer every 2 weeks. Request updates in writing to create a paper trail for future escalation.
8
Escalate
No Progress After 60 Days — Escalate
Challenge any closure report in Magistrate court. File a Writ Petition in the High Court for direction to investigate. Approach the State Human Rights Commission for police inaction.
Your Legal Rights in the FIR Process
Right to have your complaint recorded without delay
Right to a free copy of the FIR
Right to approach Magistrate if police refuse to register FIR
Right to know the investigating officer's name and contact number
Right to be informed about case progress and any closure reports
Right to file a Protest Petition challenging a closure report before the Magistrate
Right to engage a private counsel to assist the prosecution during trial
⚖️ Reactive Process Guide
Approaching High Court
for Account Freeze Relief
When police and bank representations fail, the High Court under Article 226 is your constitutional remedy. This is the reactive escalation process.
Before Filing in High Court — Exhaust These First: Written representation to police station · Escalation to SP / DCP Cyber Crime · Magistrate application (BNSS) · RBI Ombudsman complaint (if bank unresponsive). Courts expect prior attempts before entertaining a writ.
Phase 1 — Prepare Your Case
📁 Preparation
I
Engage a High Court Advocate
Approach an advocate specialising in cyber law or constitutional law. If you cannot afford one, contact the District Legal Services Authority (DLSA) for free legal aid.
Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 — DLSA provides free aid
II
Gather All Documents
Compile your complete paper trail in order. The High Court requires evidence of all prior attempts to resolve the matter before it accepts the writ. See checklist below.
III
Draft the Writ Petition
Your advocate drafts a Writ Petition under Article 226 seeking a Writ of Mandamus — directing police/bank to unfreeze the account. Grounds: no notice given, no nexus to crime, right to livelihood (Article 21) violated, arbitrary state action.
Article 226 Constitution of India · Article 21 (Right to Life / Livelihood)
Phase 2 — Filing & Urgent Relief
🏛️ Filing
IV
File the Writ Petition with Urgent Mention
File the petition in the High Court registry. Simultaneously make an "urgent mention" before the Chief Justice or designated bench for early listing, citing financial hardship or imminent irreparable harm.
V
Seek Interim Stay / Partial Unfreeze Order
At the first hearing, your advocate argues for interim relief — a stay on the freeze or permission for partial withdrawal for basic living expenses. Courts routinely grant this when the petitioner is not the named accused and can show legitimate source of funds.
Order 39 Rule 1 & 2 CPC — Interim injunction principles
VI
Court Issues Notice to Respondents
Court will issue notice to the State (through the police), the bank, and any other named respondents. Respondents typically have 4–6 weeks to file a counter affidavit explaining the basis for the freeze.
Phase 3 — Hearing & Final Order
✅ Final Hearing
VII
File Rejoinder if Needed
After respondents file their counter affidavit, your advocate files a rejoinder to rebut their claims. This completes the pleadings and the case is ready for final hearing.
VIII
Final Hearing & Arguments
Both sides argue. You must establish: the freeze is arbitrary, you are not the actual accused, funds are legitimate, and the action violates your fundamental rights. Cite relevant High Court judgments on wrongful account freezes.
IX
Obtain the Order & Execute
Upon a favourable order, get a certified copy immediately. Serve the order on the bank and police station. Follow up with the bank to operationalise the unfreeze within the timeline stated in the court order.
Documents Checklist
Police freeze order copy (from bank)
Bank statement showing legitimate credits
Written representation sent to police (with receipt)
SP / DCP escalation letter + receipt
Magistrate application copy (BNSS)
RBI Ombudsman complaint (if applicable)
Identity proof (Aadhaar / PAN)
Income proof (ITR / salary slip)
Affidavit stating non-involvement in crime
Relevant High Court judgments on similar matters
Possible Outcomes
Full unfreeze order — all funds accessible
Partial unfreeze — limited withdrawal for livelihood
Direction to police to conclude investigation by a deadline
Compensation awarded if freeze found arbitrary and malicious
Timeline & Cost: High Court writs typically take 2–8 weeks for interim relief and 3–12 months for final disposal. Court filing fees are nominal. If financially unable, DLSA provides free legal representation at no cost.
🔍 Reactive Process Guide
Cyber Crime Investigation
Procedure
What happens after your complaint — and what you should actively do at each stage of the investigation to ensure progress.
Your role matters: The investigation does not happen automatically. As a victim, you must actively follow up, respond promptly, and escalate if the process stalls. Each step below shows what police do and what you should do.
Phase 1 — Complaint Receipt
📥 Receipt & Initial Action
01
Complaint Review & IO Assignment
Cyber cell receives your complaint and determines if it discloses a cognizable offence. If yes, an Investigating Officer (IO) is assigned.
Your action: secure the complaint ID and ask for the IO's name and contact
02
Bank / Payment Gateway Lien Placed
For financial fraud, the IO immediately contacts the bank or payment gateway to freeze or lien suspect accounts. The 1930 helpline fast-tracks this step.
Your action: call 1930 immediately and provide all transaction IDs to the IO
Phase 2 — Active Investigation
🔎 Investigation
03
Digital Forensic Evidence Collection
Police obtain CDRs, IP logs, mobile tower data, UPI transaction trails, and device data via legal notices to telecom companies, Google, Meta, and banks under BNSS.
Your action: do not hand over your device without a formal notice — document everything
04
Your Statement is Recorded
Police record your statement under BNSS. Be precise, factual, and consistent. Bring your full evidence folder. Your statement is the foundation of the charge sheet.
Your action: request a copy of your statement for your records
05
Suspect Identification & Tracking
IO traces the suspect through IP addresses, mobile numbers, UPI KYC, and device fingerprints. May involve coordination with other state cyber cells or central agencies (CBI, CERT-In, I4C).
Your action: follow up with the IO every 14 days in writing — keep a log
06
Arrest & Remand (if suspect identified)
If arrested, the suspect is produced before a Magistrate for judicial remand. Police may seek custody remand for interrogation. You may be called to identify the accused.
Your action: note that IT Act offences are bailable — suspect may get bail
07
Seizure of Digital Evidence
Police seize suspect's devices, SIM cards, and accounts under BNSS. A seizure memo (panchanama) is prepared. Evidence is sent to CFSL for certification.
Your action: ensure your evidence copies are also certified by a competent authority
Phase 3 — Charge Sheet & Trial
📑 Chargesheet & Trial
08
Charge Sheet Filed — Within 60 to 90 Days
Police must file a charge sheet within 60 days (if accused in custody) or 90 days. It lists all evidence, accused persons, and applicable sections under IT Act and BNS.
Your action: obtain a copy of the charge sheet through your advocate
09
Trial Before Special Cyber Crime Court
IT Act offences are tried before designated Special Courts or CJM courts. As a victim, you are a prosecution witness. You may engage a private counsel to assist the public prosecutor.
Your action: engage a lawyer to protect your interests during trial
10
Claim Compensation After Conviction
Apply for victim compensation under BNSS. Additionally seek compensation from the DLSA Victim Compensation Fund. A civil suit for damages remains an option throughout.
Your action: document all financial losses carefully for compensation claims
Your Role as a Victim
Active Participation Required
Follow up with the IO in writing every 14 days — keep a log of all interactions and dates
Respond promptly to police summons — non-compliance can delay your own case
Provide all additional evidence immediately when requested by the IO
Do not approach the suspect directly or post about the case on social media
If police go silent for 60+ days, escalate to SP or approach Magistrate for directions to investigate
Engage a private advocate to assist the public prosecutor at trial stage
Victim Rights During Investigation
Right to Know IO Details
You can ask who your investigating officer is and their contact number.
Protest Petition
If police file a closure report without arrest, challenge it before the Magistrate.
Private Counsel at Trial
Engage a lawyer to assist the prosecution under BNSS provisions.
Progress Updates
Request written updates on investigation status from IO or SP.
If Investigation Stalls: File a petition before the Magistrate directing police to investigate. Or file a Writ Petition in the High Court for mandamus. Document all ignored follow-up attempts before filing.
Social Media Account Hacking
Social media account hacking involves criminals gaining unauthorised access to Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, or WhatsApp accounts to commit fraud using your identity, extort you, or exploit your follower network.
How This Fraud Works
Steps Victims Should Take
Legal Remedies Available
Applicable Laws & Sections
Related Cyber Fraud Topics
National Cyber Crime Helpline:1930 · Portal:cybercrime.gov.in